Circular kiln



O. BUSCH Aug. 13, 1929.

CIRCULAR KILN Fil'ed May 14, 1927 6 SheetS-Sheefl Aug. 13,- 1929.

O. BUSCH CIRCULAR KILN Filed May 14, 192;?

6 Sheets-Shea?l 2 Aug. 13, 1929. BUSCH 1,724,392

CIRCULAR KILN Filed May 14, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIGB O. BUSCH CIRCULAR KILN Aug. 13, 1929.

Filed May 14, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 14, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 I l//f/ O. BUSCH CIRCULAR KILN Aug. 13, 1929.

Filed May 14, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 S N NN NN. MN

Patented Aug. 13, 1929.

orr'io BUSCH, or' r.i:EBEncifvvoIlizvvruiz,V GERMANY.

' CIRCULAR" KILN.

Application filed ivray 14, 1927,seria1 No. 191,473jvana in France Jmioj 1926.

This invention relates toa circular kiln for the baking of bricks, ceramic products and the like, and its object is to provide akiln construction wherein the heat is ut'ililzed in a particularly economic manner. With this object in view the invention consists in the provisionV of an underground kiln provided into a plurality of kiln chambers over which a drying shed is located, saidkiln being furnished with heat-interchanging fines and surrounded entirely by a discharge flue, means being provided for leading-Hue gases Jfrom the chambers through the heatinterchanging flues and through thei discharge flue into the drying shed and' also for leading air into the chambers throughthe heat-interchanging flues.

Fig.` 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a horizontal sectionV partly on the line Irl/ IM and partly on the line'lo-Io .of Fig. 4,

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section on an enl larged scale on' the line H-I of Fig. 1,

Fig-3, a vertical'cross-section o'nthe line III-III offFg. 1,

Fig. 4, a'verticallongitudinal section on tlieline IV-IV of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5, avertical longitudinal section on theline V-V of Fig. 1, A F ig.' 6, al vertical longitudinalsection on the line VI-VIof Fig. 1, and v Fig. 7, a diagram illustrating-'the action of the kiln. i I

The kiln is built' on the rectangular system, i.v e., the chimneys at' one end of theJ same. The kiln shown by way of ejample is divided into 28 kiln chambers. ted lines in Fig.- 1 indicates the limits of the individual chambersV in the longitudinal direction of the kiln. Every other chamber has a man-'hole 2. The whole .of the kiln enclosed between the walls 3, as shown in Figs. 2 to '6, is built underground. The inner vertical walls lare, as shown inthe cross-sections, divided by air shafts from the vertical walls 5. llhe latter arecarried beyond the kiln cover, and the parts extended above the cover are connected'with one another by thin cross-partitions 6-'-10. yThe walls 8 and 9 are connected to each other by a vertical partition'll. This partition does not reach 4right to the ends of the superstructure formed by the walls 5, and the two flues produced by the partition 11 are therefore in communication with each other The dotl at the ends so as to form a single closed flue 24a. In the vertical, longitudinal media'n planeof theA kiln vertical gas discharge lues 13 are provided, one for ea'ch chamber. Each flue 13 communicates through a horizontal flue 14C with its kiln the rod 19'w`ith the valve in raised position.

The 15' is Econnected. withthe flue 21 through`s'everallues 20 formed by walls. of sheetv nitali Each flue 20 containsa flap valve 22 Whicli'can be opened and closed at pleasure. The'flue'21 is connected With a space 23 ig. 1')V in whiclithere isa' fan. This :fan drives" the drawn'in lgases' into' ,the flue 26a. In the walls 5V (Figi 2) lvertical 'lines 25 are prbvided which operi at' the top into 'valve'space's 26 'andatthe bottom into horizontal li'lue's'f 27. Dampers'28 are" built into' the flue' 27 y For each' kiln chaiiibei there three iies 25`ai1daslniah 'flus 27;k Each .flue 27' com"municatesI th'rougli three' vertical iities 29 (Fig. 2) with:'tliefi'e-1 spective kiln chamber, and each flue 29"lias an extension 29'a which opens th'rbdgh'the coverA of the'A flue l27 into' tli atniosphere'.V

Each flue'25: (Fig; 2)A can be' closed'a't the t'op .bymeans of aflap valve 25a. y y

0 Each iiu'e 251 is in open'v communication with an angular lue'BO l'(Fig's'ff3` andy 5) which opens into 4a'valve chamber 31.` The flue 30 can also be closed at the ltop by means of flap" valves 30a V(Figsg3 and 5).l The valvechamberslor spaces 26 and .31 are ac'f` cessible from the Voutsidefthrough 'apertures which are normally closed by` insets' 32 (Figs. 3 and 6'). k,The valve spaces 26 (Fig.

2) yare in open communication with the flue Y 26a. For each kiln'chamber,1the flue 24a is provided With'a damper33 (Fig. 6) which can be opened from the outside.

Two horizontal fines 34 (Fig. 1) lead yfrom the bottom of each kiln chamber: toa vertical flue 35'. At the 'upper end of each Hue 35 a valve 36a is providedA which can be opened from the outside. These valves'` are accessible through apertures 36b. The flue '35 opens at the top -into a horizontal iue 36 which is carried aroundll the entire kiln. Adjoining the iiue 36 is a liue 37 (Fig. 1) which leads to a fan in the chamber 38. The ilue 36 is furnished with numerous danipers 39 whereby the direction of travel of the gases can be determined. The flue 36 is further connected to the chimney 42 through a flue 41 which can be closed by means of a damper 40. The iue 26a is also connected with the chimney over a valve 43 (Fig. 4) which opens ywhen the pressure exceeds a given magnitude.

The action is as follows:

The kiln is supposed to have 28 kiln chambers 1-28 as shown in the diagram in Fig. 7. Two chambers, for-instance 27 and 28', are exposed to full heat and have the highest temperature. In the chambers 25 and 26, which Iare being preheated, the temperature is lower. The goods in the eight chambers 17 to 24 are simply exposedV to heat obtained from the chambers which are being cooled, for instance 1 to 9. 1n the chamber 15 an initial warming up, just enough to drive away the bulk of the water, is eiiected. The heat :tor this warming up is obtained from one or more or the chainbers that are being cooled, for instance from the chamber 9. A somewhat higher temperature, obtained from a mixture of air and flue gases, is produced in the chamber 16 The air is taken from the same chamber or chambers which supply heat to the chamber 15 while the flue gases are obtained from the chambers 27 and 28 through the medium, of lthe fannin the space 23. The chambers 10 to 14 are being emptied, and gOOCls in the chambers 1 to 9 are being cooled.

Atmospheric air is admitted to all the chambers in which cooling takes place, the air beingdrawn in through the holes 2 by the fan situated in the space 38. The air enters the respective lues 27 through the apertures 2Q `of the nine chambers, the apertures 29a being closed. The dampers 28 are raised to allow the air vtoenter the adjoiningrlues. The upper ends of these llues are closed by'the valves 25a. Since each cham` ber, as shown in Fig. 2, has three rows of apertures 29 and 29a, since three such rows in the transverse direction of the kiln coinmunicate with a commonV flue 27, and since nine chambers are being cooled, twent fseven iiues 25 will be available for the adinission of air into these chambers. The flues 30 adjoining these twenty-seven tlues (Fig. 5) are opened by the extension of their valves. Thus the air can enter the flue 24 which adjoins the open flues 30. The valves of the flues 30 of the two chambers 15 and 16 are also open so that air from the flue 24a can i'low through the tlues 30 into the adjoining lues 25. From the latter the air enters the lues 27, the dampers 28 of which are also extended, and arrives finally through the apertures 29 in the chambers 15 and 16. The air passes through 'the chambers 15 and 16 in downward direction and enters the flue 34 whence it passes through the appertaining llues 35, the valves 35 ot' which are open (Fig. 2), into the flue 36 which is carried around the entire kiln. rlhe flue 36 is, as previously mentioned, connected to the tan which is housed in the chamber 38 and which drives the air into the large drying shed situated above the kiln chambers. By closing the corresponding dampers (Fig. 6), that *part of the ilue 24n which leads oil the air trom the chambers that are being cooled, can be separated from the remaining part of this flue.

The air Yfrom those chambers which are not supplying the chambers 15 and 16, is

sucked through that part of the flue 24E which is divided oif by the closing of the two dampers. rlhis greater part of the air is led to the vchambers 17 to 24 in the same manner as air is delivered to the chambers 15 and 16, and the air from the chambers 17 to 24 is also led through the respec tive tlues 34 and 35 into the flue 36 which is carried around the kiln and which communicates with the :tan in the chamber 38.

Part of the hot air from the chambers which are being cooled, is led'throu'gh the respective iiues 25, 27 and 29 to the chambers subjected to the greatest heat.- The valves 25a of the respective iiues 25 are raised. The. air is moved by the suction effect of the fan in the space 23. The air l passes downwards through the chambers subjected to the greatest heat,'and the gases are discharged from these chambers through the flues 13'and 14, after the valves have been opened, and into the liuc 15` Through that part of the flue 20 which is at the greatest distance trom the chambers 27 and 28', the hot Hue gases are led into the flue 21. From the latter the gases flow to the tan situated in the space 23 and'this fan drives the gases into the flue 26, The flues 25 which belong to the chambers 16, 25 and 28 are open at the top, while the flues 30 which belong tothe chambers 25 and 26 are closed. rlhe gases from the chamber 26a can therefore pass into the preheating chambers 25 and 26 and into the chambers 16. From theseV chambers the gases iiow through the flues 34, 35 and 36 to the fan in the chamber 38 which fan drives them into the drying shed above the kiln.

The arrow A. in Fig. 7 shows the path of the air from the last of the cooled chambers to the chambers 15 and 16. The arrow` G shows t-he path of the gas from the ioo fan of the space 23 to the chambers 25', 26 and 16. Y

I claim:

l. A circular kiln divided into a plurality of kiln chambers and having a discharge flue communicating with said chambers and extending around the entire kiln, means for closing the communication between each particular chamber and the discharge Hue, a centrally disposed superstructure on said kiln having a series of flues, means for setting said latter lues separately into communication with different kiln chambers through the roofs of the latter, the kiln being provi ded with closable apertures through which the kiln chambers can communicate through the roofs with the atmosphere, and a fan communicating with one of the fines in the super-structure for supplying gas to the latter and to the different chambers.

2. A kiln as claimed in claim l wherein the flues of the super-structure are arranged in a vertical grouping.

3. A kiln as claimed in V'claim 1 wherein the iues of the super-structure are arranged in a vertical grouping, the super-structure being provided with passages leading through intermediatel flues from an uppe flue in the group to a lower one.

4. The kiln structure claimed in claim 1 in combination with valves whereby the communication between the kiln chambers and the viiues of the super-structure can be controlled, the super-structure being provided with closable apertures through which said Valves are accessible rolnthe outside.

OTTO BUSCH. 

